Kasus penyakit mulut dan kuku di Indonesia: epidemiologi, diagnosis penyakit, angka kejadian, dampak penyakit, dan pengendalian

Abstract

Hoof and mouth disease is an infectious and acute disease caused by a virus of the genus Apthovirus and can affect even-hoofed or split-hoofed animals such as cows, horses, goats and pigs. The writing method is carried out through the study of literature sourced from books, journals, proceedings, websites and news portals. There are seven types of FMD viruses, namely: A, O, C, Asia, South African Teritory (SAT) 1, 2, and 3. Each type of FMD virus is still divided into several sub-types and strains. So far in Indonesia there is only one type of FMD virus, namely the O type virus that attacks the mouth and nails. The diagnosis of FMD disease in cattle can be known by observing clinical symptoms such as the formation of vesicles / blisters and erosion in the mouth, tongue, gums, nostrils, nipples, and on the skin around the nails. The impact of FMD has a significant negative effect on livestock production and productivity ranging from a decrease in milk production, body weight, miscarriage to death. Testing for the detection of the virus can be carried out using RT-PCR, ELISA. It was recorded that until the end of June 2022, there were 19 provinces and 221 regencies/cities infectedwith mouth and nail disease with a total of 291,538 cases of illness, 96,060 recovered, 2,944 conditional cuts and 1,733 deaths. FMD disease can have an impact on losses economically and livestock products. strong synergy is needed from all livestock sector actors, both breeders, industry, or stakeholders together with the government and the community in the eradication of FMD through increasing knowledge and self-awareness to be responsive and swift to FMD.