The potential of genetic resources and conservation of Gaga Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Indonesia: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25047/animpro.2025.882Keywords:
Conservation, genetic diversity, laughing chickenAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi, keragaman genetik, serta strategi pelestarian Ayam Gaga “Ketawa” (Gallus gallus domesticus), salah satu rumpun ayam lokal Indonesia dengan ciri khas bioakustik unik berupa kokok menyerupai tawa manusia. Kajian dilakukan melalui systematic review menggunakan metode PRISMA dengan menelaah 63 artikel dari database Science Direct, Google Scholar, dan PubMed, kemudian diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi-eksklusi sehingga diperoleh 12 literatur relevan untuk analisis mendalam. Hasil review menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik tinggi antar populasi, dengan perbedaan signifikan pada karakter morfometrik, fenotipik, dan bioakustik, serta ditemukan indikasi penurunan heterozigositas akibat persilangan tidak terkendali. Bioakustik Ayam Gaga terbagi dalam tipe slow, dangdut, dan varian crystal dengan variasi durasi kokok dan jumlah suku kata yang mempertegas signifikansi nilai budaya dan ekonomi, terutama melalui kontes nasional. Meskipun telah diakui sebagai sumber daya genetik lokal yang dilindungi, ancaman erosi genetik dan keterbatasan data populasi menimbulkan risiko kepunahan. Kesimpulannya, pelestarian Ayam Gaga memerlukan strategi integratif yang menggabungkan program pemuliaan berbasis masyarakat (CBBP), insentif ekonomi, edukasi komunitas, serta langkah ex-situ melalui bank genetik dan kriopreservasi, guna menjaga keberlanjutan keragaman genetik, nilai sosio-kultural, serta kontribusinya pada keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Adhyatma, Gayuh Syaikhullah, Nurul Pratiwi, Gilang Ayuningtyas, Adisti Rastosari, Aan Awaludin, Rizki Amalia Nurfitriani; Eistifani Fajrin
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