Peningkatan Hasil Dan Mutu True Shallot Seed (TSS) Bawang Merah Melalui Vernalisasi Serta Aplikasi Benzylaminopurine Di Dataran Rendah Mayang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2025.800Kata Kunci:
Allium ascalonicum, BAP, Number of Umbels, Vernalization Duration, TSSAbstrak
The problem of shallot seed production in Indonesia lies in the generally low productivity due to the difficulty in obtaining quality seeds, low vigor, susceptibility to diseases, and high costs. True Shallot Seed (TSS) is an alternative to address these issues. However, shallots are difficult to flower when planted in lowland areas. This research was conducted to optimalize quality and yields of TSS in lowland areas through vernalization and BAP application. The research was carried out from June to November 2024 in Krajan Hamlet, Mayang Village, Mayang Subdistrict, Jember Regency, at an elevation of 200 meters above sea level. The research used a Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatments consisted of two factors: vernalization duration (3, 4, and 5 weeks) and Benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentration (50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm). The results showed that 3-week vernalization produced the highest number of umbels per plot (16.22 umbels), significantly different from 4-week vernalization (4.22 umbels). Vernalization plays a crucial role in breaking plant dormancy, increasing gibberellin and florigen activity, and stimulating flower initiation. BAP application influenced the weight of 100 TSS grains. BAP 50 ppm contributed to better seed weight. However, vernalization duration was found to be more effective in increasing 100-grain weight. The combination of 3-week vernalization and BAP 50 ppm yielded optimal results, achieving 88.6 flowers per umbel and 13 umbels per plot. Meanwhile, 4-week vernalization with BAP 50 ppm produced lower values (2.5 umbels per plot and 81.5 flowers per umbel). The 3-week vernalization treatment also recorded the highest germination rate (52.44%), vigor index (51.11%), and maximum growth potential (PTM). The best PTM was observed in BAP 100 ppm (37.33%), which was not significantly different from BAP 50 ppm (36%). However, increasing BAP concentration to 200 ppm led to a significant decline in PTM (18.67%). Overall, the combination of 3-week vernalization and BAP 100 ppm proves to be an effective strategy to enhance flowering and TSS production in lowland areas of Mayang. Implementing this method is expected to assist farmers in improving shallot seed productivity and addressing the challenges of low seed quality commonly encountered in cultivation.
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Referensi
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