Seleksi dan Karakterisasi Pertumbuhan Cendawan Tanah Penghasil Enzim Protease Asal Rhizosfer Padi di Tarakan – Kalimantan Utara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2020.40Kata Kunci:
Diameter, Ekstraseluler, Isolat, Makroskopis, ProteolitikAbstrak
Cendawan tanah memegang peran esensial dalam budidaya pertanian berkelanjutan. Kemampuannya dalam memproduksi berbagai senyawa metabolit menjadikan cendawan sebagai salah satu agens hayati yang potensial untuk mengendalikan patogen tanaman. Salah satu metabolit sekunder cendawan yang bersifat anti-patogen adalah enzim ekstraseluler protease. Enzim ini dapat mendegradasi dinding sel cendawan patogen, nematoda, dan telur nematoda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi cendawan penghasil enzim protease dari rhizosfer padi dan mengkarakterisasi pertumbuhannya. Sampel tanah diambil dari 5 titik pengambilan sampel pada lahan padi petani di Kelurahan Mamburungan, Kota Tarakan, Kalimantan Utara. Isolasi dilakukan menggunakan media potato dextrose agar (PDA) pada suhu 37°C di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman, Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Cendawan yang tumbuh dikarakterisasi bentuk makroskopisnya secara visual. Pengujian aktivitas proteolitik dilakukan menggunakan media PDA yang ditambah dengan skim milk. Seluruh cendawan yang tumbuh kemudian dikarakterisasi kecepatan tumbuhnya selama 11 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 7 isolat cendawan yang berhasil diisolasi, dan 3 (48,85%) diantaranya mampu menghasilkan enzim protease. Isolat yang mampu menghasilkan enzim protease adalah isolat C5, C6, dan C7. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan karakter pertumbuhannya, tujuh isolat yang diperoleh menunjukkan respon yang beragam. Pada hari ke-11, pertumbuhan tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh isolat C1, C2, C5, dan C6 dengan diameter 8,5 cm. Pertumbuhan paling lambat ditunjukkan oleh isolat C7 dengan diameter 2,53 cm. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa terdapat cendawan proteolitik dari rhizosfer padi pada lokasi penelitian dengan karakter pertumbuhan yang beragam.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2020 Muh Adiwena, Mardhiana, Aditya Murtilaksono, Dwi Santoso, Rizza Wijaya, Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana
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